inglese - the definite article
The definitive article is the. It is the same for singular and plural and for all genders :
The boy the boys the girl the girls
use of the definite article
The definite article is used
a) before nouns of which there is only one or which is considered as one :
the earth the sky the weather
b) before a noun which ha become definite as a result of being mentioned a second time
HIs car struck a tree you can still see the mark on the tree.
c) before a noun made definite by addition of a phrase or clause
the girl in blue
The boy that I met
d) before noun which by reason of locality can represent only particular thing
Ann is in the garden (the garden of this house )
e) befor superlatives and first second and only used as adjectives o pronouns
Mount Blanc is the highest mountain in Europe.
1) the + singular noun can represent a class of animals or things :
The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.
the can however be used before a member of a certain Group of people
the small shopkeepers are finding life difficult
the + singolar noun as used above takes a singular verb the pronoun is he she it
the firsr-class traveller pays more so he expects some comfort
2) the + adjective represent a class of persons
the old = old people in general
The verb is plural the pronoun is they
the Young are impatient
3) the is used before certain proper name of sea river groups of islands chains of mountains plural names of countries desert
The arctic
the Alps
the sahara
the is also used before names consisting of noun + of + noun
The cape of Good Hope
The Gulf of Mexico
the is used before name consisting of adjective + noun
The giold Coast
The New Forest
the is not used before west east erc + noun
Yucatan is in North America
but
I go to the South (noun)
the is used before musical instrument
play the flute
the is used before the names of meals if these are qualified by clause
The dinners Peter used to give were really memorable
OMISSION
the definite article is not used
1) before name of places except as sgown above o before names of people
the + plural surname can be used to mean family
the Smiths = mr and mrs Smith (and children)
the + singular name can be used to distinguish one person from another of the same name
The mr Smith who works in the Post Office.
Note also that althouth the is not used before title + noun
Capitain Jones was talking
but it is used before title alone
the captain seemed angry
we also use the before title containing of
The Duke of York
Finally it is possible to adress two unmarried sister as The Misses + surname
The misses Jones
2) before abstract nouns except when thy are used in a particular sense
men fear Death
but
the Death of the Prime Minister
3) After noun in the possessive case o possesive adjective :
The boy's uncle
it is my blue book = The blue book is mine
4) Before name of meals
they have porridge for breakfast
but the wedding breakfast
5) Before parts of the body and articles clothing at these normally prefer a possessive adjective
Raise your right hand
he took off his coat
but
the john's face
Note that in some languages the definite article is used before indefinitre plural noun but that in English the is never used in this way
women ar expected to like housework (women in general)
if we use the before women it would mean that we were referring to a particular Group of women
nature where it means the spirit creating an motivating the world of plants and animals is used without the
if you interfere with nature you will suffer for it
6) omission of the before home Church market school hospital etc.
home
When it is used alone is not preceded or followed by a descriptive word or phrase the is omitted
he went home
but when hom is preceded or followed by a descriptive word or phrase it is treated like any other noun as regards articles and prepositions
we went to the bride's home
chapel Church market college school hospital court prison work sea bed
these nouns are used without the when they are visited or used for their primary purpose
to school
to college
to market
to work
when these places are visited for other reasos the article is used
I went to the Church to see the carvings
He comes to the school sometimes to speak to the headmaster
in contrast these nouns take the
cathedral office cinema theatre
martedì 24 ottobre 2017
lunedì 23 ottobre 2017
inglese - the indefinite aritcle
inglese - the indefinite article
form
The indefinite article ia A oppure AN
The form A is used before a word beginning with a consonant ore a vowel sounded like a consonant :
a man a table a university a useful thing
The forma an is used before wod beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or words beginning with a mute h
an hour an honourable man an elephant an apple
It is the same for all genders.
The indefinite article A oppure AN is used :
a) Before a singular countable noun which is used as en example of a class of things :
a car must be insured = all cars /any car must be insured
a child needs love = all child need/ any child needs love
b) Before a singular noun which is contable when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person or thing :
I need a Holiday
They live in a bungalow
there is a policeman at the door
c) with a noun complement. This includes names of professions
He is a doctor
He become an actor
d) In certain numerical expressions
a couple
a dozen
half a dozen
an eighth
a quarter
a score
a hundred
a thousand
a million
a lot of
a great many
a great deal of
e) In expressions of price speed ratio ecc.
5 p a kilo
£ 1 a metre
sixty kilometres an hour
10 p a dozen
four time a day
f) With few and little
a few = a small number or what the speaker considers a small number
a little = a small amount or what the speaker considers a small amount
few and little can also be used without article but then have an almosto negative meaning and can usually be replaced by hardly any
We had little time for amusement implies that we were Always busy.
g) In exclamations before singular countable nouns
what a hot day
what a pretty girl
such a pity
h) A can be placed before mr mrs and miss + surname
a mr Smith = a man called Smith
The indefinite article is not used :
a) Before plural nouns
The indefinite article has no plural form. Therefore the plural of a dog is dogs.
b) before uncontable nouns
The following nouns are singular and and uncountable in English :
advice information news baggage luggage furniture
They are often preceded by some any a little a lot of a piece of etc.
I'll give you a piece of advice
you need some more forniture
knowledge is also considered uncontable but when used in particulare sense take the article
a knowledge of languages is Always useful
hair (all the hair on one's head ) is considered uncountable but if we consider each hair separately we say one hair two hairs
experience meaning practice in doing somthing is uncountable.
But an experience meaning something which happens to someone is countable :
He had an exciting esperience (an adventure) last night.
Materials glass, wood, iron, stone, paper, cloth, wine, coffee, tea, etc., are considered uncountable. But many of these nouns can also denote one particular thing,and then take an article :
window are made of glass
but I've got a paper (newspaper).
c) Before abstract nouns : beauty happiness fear hope Death etc.
except when they are used in particular sense
he was pale with fear
Some children suffer from a fear of the dark
d) Before names of meals except when preceded by an adjective :
we have breakfast at eight
he gave us a good breakfast
The article is also used when it is a special meal given to celebrate something or in someone's honour :
I was invited to dinner (at their house in the ordinary way)
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new Ambassador.
form
The indefinite article ia A oppure AN
The form A is used before a word beginning with a consonant ore a vowel sounded like a consonant :
a man a table a university a useful thing
The forma an is used before wod beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or words beginning with a mute h
an hour an honourable man an elephant an apple
It is the same for all genders.
The indefinite article A oppure AN is used :
a) Before a singular countable noun which is used as en example of a class of things :
a car must be insured = all cars /any car must be insured
a child needs love = all child need/ any child needs love
b) Before a singular noun which is contable when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person or thing :
I need a Holiday
They live in a bungalow
there is a policeman at the door
c) with a noun complement. This includes names of professions
He is a doctor
He become an actor
d) In certain numerical expressions
a couple
a dozen
half a dozen
an eighth
a quarter
a score
a hundred
a thousand
a million
a lot of
a great many
a great deal of
e) In expressions of price speed ratio ecc.
5 p a kilo
£ 1 a metre
sixty kilometres an hour
10 p a dozen
four time a day
f) With few and little
a few = a small number or what the speaker considers a small number
a little = a small amount or what the speaker considers a small amount
few and little can also be used without article but then have an almosto negative meaning and can usually be replaced by hardly any
We had little time for amusement implies that we were Always busy.
g) In exclamations before singular countable nouns
what a hot day
what a pretty girl
such a pity
h) A can be placed before mr mrs and miss + surname
a mr Smith = a man called Smith
The indefinite article is not used :
a) Before plural nouns
The indefinite article has no plural form. Therefore the plural of a dog is dogs.
b) before uncontable nouns
The following nouns are singular and and uncountable in English :
advice information news baggage luggage furniture
They are often preceded by some any a little a lot of a piece of etc.
I'll give you a piece of advice
you need some more forniture
knowledge is also considered uncontable but when used in particulare sense take the article
a knowledge of languages is Always useful
hair (all the hair on one's head ) is considered uncountable but if we consider each hair separately we say one hair two hairs
experience meaning practice in doing somthing is uncountable.
But an experience meaning something which happens to someone is countable :
He had an exciting esperience (an adventure) last night.
Materials glass, wood, iron, stone, paper, cloth, wine, coffee, tea, etc., are considered uncountable. But many of these nouns can also denote one particular thing,and then take an article :
window are made of glass
but I've got a paper (newspaper).
c) Before abstract nouns : beauty happiness fear hope Death etc.
except when they are used in particular sense
he was pale with fear
Some children suffer from a fear of the dark
d) Before names of meals except when preceded by an adjective :
we have breakfast at eight
he gave us a good breakfast
The article is also used when it is a special meal given to celebrate something or in someone's honour :
I was invited to dinner (at their house in the ordinary way)
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new Ambassador.
giovedì 7 settembre 2017
inglese grammatica - i pronomi relativi
inglese grammatica - i pronomi relativi
who that which whose where
I pronomi relativi non variano in relazione al genere o numero. Sostituiscono il nome e servono ad unire due proposizioni
The boy is my friend. The boy is sleeping
The boy who is sleeping is my friend
In inglese esistono due tipi di frasi relative : determinative e relative non determinative
Le frasi determinative aggiungono informazioni importanti per l'identificazione della persona o cosa a cui il pronome si riferisce
The boy (whom) you met Yesterday is my boyfriend
Le frasi non determinative non forniscono informazioni fondamentali
Peter, whom you met Yesterday il my boyfriend.
persone animali o cose
soggetto Who o that which oppure that
complemento whom oppure that whom oppure that
possesso whose whose oppure which
con preposizione preposizione + who(m) preposizione + which
FRASI RELATIVE DETERMINATIVE
That può sostituire sia who che which quindi può essere usato per persone animali o cose
That's the boy who lives next to my cousin
That'ts the boy that lives next to my cousin
whosse è seguito dalla cosa posseduta o dalla persona in relazione
That's the woman whose husband works in my office
Who which o that usati come complemento diretto o indiretto possono essere omessi
That's the boy(who/whom/that) you met Yesterday is my boyfriend
Nel caso di complemento indiretto con la presenza di preposizione questa viene collocata di solito alla fine della frase ed il pronome viene omesso
That's the boy (who/whom) I talked about
Whose non può essere omesso
ATTENZIONE
a non confondere i pronomi relativi con la congiunzione that o con le question words who which whose
Gli avverbi relativi where when why e how vengono di solito usati al posto di which
luogo Where al posto di at - in - on - to which
This is the restaurant where i usually dinner
tempo when al posto di in - on - during which
It's midnight This is the time when the ghost appear
causa why / the reason why (the reason for which)
I told you why I was there
modo How ( the way in which)
This is how we managed to catch the train
frasi relative non determinative
persone animali o cose
soggetto who which
complemento diretto o indiretto who which
possesso whose whose
nelle frasi relative non determinative il pronome va sempre espresso anche quando è oggetto
who e which non possono essere sostituiti da that
Pronomi relativi non determinativi soggetto who o which
Bob who wrote a novel is a teacher
paris which has over 8 milions inhabitants is the capital of France
Pronomi relativi complemento diretto who whom e which
My doctor who (who) I last saw before Christmas is working abroad
last summer we stayed in my aunt's house which is near the lake
Pronomi relativi complemento indiretto
John about whom I spoke is leaving in Paris
John who I spoke about is leaving in Paris
il pronome relativo di possesso whose
Mary's cat whose tail was broken is fallen again from the roof
who that which whose where
I pronomi relativi non variano in relazione al genere o numero. Sostituiscono il nome e servono ad unire due proposizioni
The boy is my friend. The boy is sleeping
The boy who is sleeping is my friend
In inglese esistono due tipi di frasi relative : determinative e relative non determinative
Le frasi determinative aggiungono informazioni importanti per l'identificazione della persona o cosa a cui il pronome si riferisce
The boy (whom) you met Yesterday is my boyfriend
Le frasi non determinative non forniscono informazioni fondamentali
Peter, whom you met Yesterday il my boyfriend.
persone animali o cose
soggetto Who o that which oppure that
complemento whom oppure that whom oppure that
possesso whose whose oppure which
con preposizione preposizione + who(m) preposizione + which
FRASI RELATIVE DETERMINATIVE
That può sostituire sia who che which quindi può essere usato per persone animali o cose
That's the boy who lives next to my cousin
That'ts the boy that lives next to my cousin
whosse è seguito dalla cosa posseduta o dalla persona in relazione
That's the woman whose husband works in my office
Who which o that usati come complemento diretto o indiretto possono essere omessi
That's the boy(who/whom/that) you met Yesterday is my boyfriend
Nel caso di complemento indiretto con la presenza di preposizione questa viene collocata di solito alla fine della frase ed il pronome viene omesso
That's the boy (who/whom) I talked about
Whose non può essere omesso
ATTENZIONE
a non confondere i pronomi relativi con la congiunzione that o con le question words who which whose
Gli avverbi relativi where when why e how vengono di solito usati al posto di which
luogo Where al posto di at - in - on - to which
This is the restaurant where i usually dinner
tempo when al posto di in - on - during which
It's midnight This is the time when the ghost appear
causa why / the reason why (the reason for which)
I told you why I was there
modo How ( the way in which)
This is how we managed to catch the train
frasi relative non determinative
persone animali o cose
soggetto who which
complemento diretto o indiretto who which
possesso whose whose
nelle frasi relative non determinative il pronome va sempre espresso anche quando è oggetto
who e which non possono essere sostituiti da that
Pronomi relativi non determinativi soggetto who o which
Bob who wrote a novel is a teacher
paris which has over 8 milions inhabitants is the capital of France
Pronomi relativi complemento diretto who whom e which
My doctor who (who) I last saw before Christmas is working abroad
last summer we stayed in my aunt's house which is near the lake
Pronomi relativi complemento indiretto
John about whom I spoke is leaving in Paris
John who I spoke about is leaving in Paris
il pronome relativo di possesso whose
Mary's cat whose tail was broken is fallen again from the roof
mercoledì 6 settembre 2017
inglese grammatica - i significati del verbo get
inglese grammatica - i significati del verbo get
Molti sono i significati del verbo to get uno dei più usati della lingua inglese
To get può voler dire
to get dirty sporcarsi
to get hungry diventare affamati
to get thirsty diventare assetati
to get angry arrabbiarsi
to get dark diventare buio
to get tired stancarsi
to get wet bagnarsi
seguito da una preposizione spesso significa riuscire a
he got over the wall riuscì a passare al di là del muro
he got through the crowd riuscì a passare tra la folla
ecco alcuni phrasal verbs
to get up alzarsi
to get on salire (sull'autobus)
to get into entrare (in auto)
to get down scendere
to get off scendere (dall'autobus)
to get out of scendere (dall'auto)
Molti sono i significati del verbo to get uno dei più usati della lingua inglese
To get può voler dire
- ottenere, ricevere es : He got a prize - She got a letter - He didn't get any answer
- persuadere es : He got her to come
- arrivare andare es We got to the station late - I got here by bus
- si può usare nella forma passiva es : He got killed
- to get può essere seguito da aggettivo o participio passato in questo caso ha il significato di divenire e spesso corrisponde a un verbo italiano che ha forma riflessiva es : to get cold diventare freddo
to get dirty sporcarsi
to get hungry diventare affamati
to get thirsty diventare assetati
to get angry arrabbiarsi
to get dark diventare buio
to get tired stancarsi
to get wet bagnarsi
seguito da una preposizione spesso significa riuscire a
he got over the wall riuscì a passare al di là del muro
he got through the crowd riuscì a passare tra la folla
ecco alcuni phrasal verbs
to get up alzarsi
to get on salire (sull'autobus)
to get into entrare (in auto)
to get down scendere
to get off scendere (dall'autobus)
to get out of scendere (dall'auto)
lunedì 10 luglio 2017
letteratura inglese - preromantic period
letteratura inglese - preromantic period
Historical background and literary Features of the period
poetry
Thomas Gray (1716-1771) - Roberti Burns (1759 - 1796 ) - William Blake (1757 - 1827) - William Cowper ( 1731 - 1800) - Edward Young ( 1683 -1765) - Williams Collins (1721 - 1759) - James Thomson (1700- 1748) - James Macpherson (1736 - 1796) - Thomas Chatterton ( 1752 - 1770)
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
the Development of Novel Writing
Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) - Henry Fielding (1707-1754) - Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) - Tobias Smollet (1721-1771)
Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) - Fanny Burney (1752-1840)
The Gothic Novel
Horace Walpole (1717-1797) and Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823)
Prose
James Boswell (1740- 1795) - Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) - Edmund Burke (1729-1797) - William Godwin (1756-1836)
Drama
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)
American Literature of the Period
Italian Literature of the Period
Historical background and literary Features of the period
poetry
Thomas Gray (1716-1771) - Roberti Burns (1759 - 1796 ) - William Blake (1757 - 1827) - William Cowper ( 1731 - 1800) - Edward Young ( 1683 -1765) - Williams Collins (1721 - 1759) - James Thomson (1700- 1748) - James Macpherson (1736 - 1796) - Thomas Chatterton ( 1752 - 1770)
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
the Development of Novel Writing
Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) - Henry Fielding (1707-1754) - Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) - Tobias Smollet (1721-1771)
Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) - Fanny Burney (1752-1840)
The Gothic Novel
Horace Walpole (1717-1797) and Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823)
Prose
James Boswell (1740- 1795) - Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) - Edmund Burke (1729-1797) - William Godwin (1756-1836)
Drama
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)
American Literature of the Period
Italian Literature of the Period
martedì 20 giugno 2017
inglese - esercizi sul condizionale tipo 1
inglese - esercizi sul condizionale tipo 1
mettere i verbi nelle parentesi nel tempo corretto
soluzioni
mettere i verbi nelle parentesi nel tempo corretto
- If i see him I (give) .....................him a lift.
- The table will collapse if you (stand)................... on it.
- If you eat all that you (be)........................ ill.
- If I find your passport I (telephone) ......................you at once.
- The police (arrest) ..................... him if they catch him.
- If you read in bad light you (ruin) ........................ your eyes.
- Someone (steal) ...................... your car if you leave it unlocked.
- What will happen if my parachute (not open)......................
- If you mow the grass I (give) ..........................you 50 p.
- I (led).................... you my pearls if you promise to take care of them.
- If you (not go).................... away I'll send for the police.
- I (be)......................very angry if your dog bites me again.
- If he (be).................late we'll go without him.
- She will be absolutely furious if she (hear)..............about this
- If you put on the kettle I (make).................the tea.
- If you give my dog a bone he(bury) .......................it at once.
- If we leave the car here it (not be ) ................. in anybody's way.
- He'lll be late for the train if he (not start) ....................at once
- If you come late they (not let) you in.
- If you tell any more lies I (be) ..........................very angry indeed.
- Unless you work very hard you( not be) successful.
- If I lend you 10 p when you (repay).........................me.
- We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) .....................any highet.
- If he (work) ....................hard today can he have a Holiday Tomorrow ?
- Ice (turn)........................ towater if you heat it.
- If the house (catch)............... fire we can get out by the fire escape.
- If you (not like) ...................... this one I'll bring you another.
- Unless you are more careful you (have) .............................an accident.
- Tell him to ring me up if you (see) ................... him.
- If I tell you a secret you (promise).........................not to tell it to anyone else?
- If you not believe .........................what I say ask you mother.
- you (buy) ....................... the house if you like it ?
- If you will kindly sit down I (make).................... enquiries for you.
- Unless I have a quiet room I ( not be able) ..................to do any work.
- Uless you pay him regularly he (not work)............................for you at all.
- Should you require anything else please (ring).................the bell for the attendant.
soluzioni
- shall give
- stand
- will be
- shall telephone
- will arrest
- will ruin
- will steal
- doesn't open
- shall give
- shall lend
- don't go
- shall be
- is
- hears
- shall make
- will bury
- won't be
- doesn't start
- won't let
- shall be
- won't be
- don't like
- rises
- works
- turns /will turns
- catches
- don't like
- will have
- see
- will you promise
- don't believe
- will you buy
- shall make
- shan't be able
- won't work
- ring
martedì 13 giugno 2017
inglese - phrasal verbs
Alcuni phrasal verbs
Sono verbi composti da più elementi: verbo e particella avverbiale oppure verbo e preposi-
zione che ne modificano il significato originale.
She turned off the radio (Spense la radio).
Usando i phrasal verbs la particella avverbiale può comparire prima o dopo l’oggetto se questo
è un sostantivo; se l’oggetto è un pronome, la particella avverbiale compare dopo di esso.
Ask out: invitare qualcuno fuori.
That handsome boy asked me out! We’re going to a movie
(Quel bel ragazzo mi ha invitata fuori! Andiamo a vedere un film).
Bring up:
1 allevare, educare.
He was brought up strictly (Ha ricevuto un’educazione severa).
2 sollevare (un argomento).
We will bring this up at the next meeting (Solleveremo la questione alla prossima riunione).
Break up:
1 sciogliersi.
The meeting broke up at 10 p.m. (Alle 22 la riunione si sciolse).
2 finire.
Their marriage has virtually broken up (Il loro matrimonio è praticamente finito).
Call up: chiamare.
The secretary will call the client up at 2:00 p.m.
(La segretaria chiamerà il cliente alle 14.00).
Carry on: continuare.
I’m sorry I interrupted you. Please carry on
(Mi spiace di avervi interrotto. Continuate pure).
Take off:
1 decollare, partire.
The flight to New York took off at 6 p.m.
(L’aereo per New York partì alle 6 di pomeriggio).
2 essere assente dal lavoro.
I’m taking next week off (Sarà assente dal lavoro la settimana prossima).
3 togliere i vestiti, le scarpe…
Take your shoes off (Togliti le scarpe).
Think over: riflettere.
I will think it over (Ci penserò).
❏ Throw away: buttare.
Don’t throw these documents away because we’ll need them later
(Non buttare questi documenti perché ne avremo bisogno più tardi).
❏ Wait for: aspettare.
I’ve been waiting for the bus for almost an hour!
(Aspetto l’autobus da quasi un’ora!)
❏ Work out:
1 progettare, elaborare.
The plan is being worked out (Il progetto è allo studio).
2 risolvere, (fam.) risolvere i propri problemi, sistemare le cose.
Everything has worked out well (Tutto si è risolto per il meglio).
❏ Write down: annotare, prendere appunti.
Did you write the phone number down? (Hai preso nota del numero di telefono ?)❏ Carry out: eseguire, realizzare.
She carried her boss’s orders out exactly (Eseguì gli ordini del suo capo alla lettera).
❏ Check out:
1 pagare il conto e andarsene (da alberghi e simili).
Mr Johnson checked out this morning (Il sig. Johnson ha pagato il conto stamattina).
2 verificare, controllare.
They checked the whole place out for bombs
(Ispezionarono ovunque per controllare che non vi fossero bombe).
Cheer up: rallegrarsi, tirarsi su di morale.
He was sad about failing his test, so I took him out to dinner to cheer him up
(Era triste perché non aveva superato il test, e allora lo portai fuori a cena
per tirarlo su di morale).
Dress up: vestirsi elegantemente.
Let’s dress up for the party! (Vestiamoci eleganti per la festa!)
Drop by: (fam.) far visita.
Drop by at any time (Vieni a trovarci in qualunque momento).
End up: finire.
If you don’t stop stealing, you’ll end up in jail!
(Se non la smetti di rubare finirai in prigione!)
Figure out: riuscire a capire, immaginarsi come, prevedere.
Can you figure out how the situation will develop?
(Riesci a immaginare che sviluppo avrà la situazione?)
Find out: scoprire.
Can you find out where the theatre is? (Puoi scoprire dov’è il teatro?)
Get up: alzarsi.
When he got up this morning it was still dark
(Quando si è alzato stamattina era ancora buio).
Hang up: riagganciare, chiudere una telefonata.
My ex-husband hung up when I phoned him
(Il mio ex marito riagganciò quando lo chiamai).
Hold on:
1 aspettare.
Hold on a minute (Aspetta un momento).
2 restare in linea (al telefono).
Hold on a minute (Rimanga in linea).
Hurry up: sbrigarsi.
We need to hurry up and leave or we’ll be late!
(Dobbiamo sbrigarci e andare, altrimenti arriveremo in ritardo!)
Look for: cercare.
I spent two hours looking for my glasses
(Ci sono volute due ore per cercare i miei occhiali).
Look forward to: non vedere l’ora di, essere impaziente.
I am looking forward to my vacation (Non vedo l’ora di essere in vacanza).
Look up: cercare informazioni.
If you don’t understand the word, look it up in a dictionary
(Se non capisci la parola cercala nel dizionario).
Run away: scappare, andar via.
He ran away with a sixteen-year-old girl (Scappò con una ragazza che ha sedici anni )
Sono verbi composti da più elementi: verbo e particella avverbiale oppure verbo e preposi-
zione che ne modificano il significato originale.
She turned off the radio (Spense la radio).
Usando i phrasal verbs la particella avverbiale può comparire prima o dopo l’oggetto se questo
è un sostantivo; se l’oggetto è un pronome, la particella avverbiale compare dopo di esso.
Ask out: invitare qualcuno fuori.
That handsome boy asked me out! We’re going to a movie
(Quel bel ragazzo mi ha invitata fuori! Andiamo a vedere un film).
Bring up:
1 allevare, educare.
He was brought up strictly (Ha ricevuto un’educazione severa).
2 sollevare (un argomento).
We will bring this up at the next meeting (Solleveremo la questione alla prossima riunione).
Break up:
1 sciogliersi.
The meeting broke up at 10 p.m. (Alle 22 la riunione si sciolse).
2 finire.
Their marriage has virtually broken up (Il loro matrimonio è praticamente finito).
Call up: chiamare.
The secretary will call the client up at 2:00 p.m.
(La segretaria chiamerà il cliente alle 14.00).
Carry on: continuare.
I’m sorry I interrupted you. Please carry on
(Mi spiace di avervi interrotto. Continuate pure).
Take off:
1 decollare, partire.
The flight to New York took off at 6 p.m.
(L’aereo per New York partì alle 6 di pomeriggio).
2 essere assente dal lavoro.
I’m taking next week off (Sarà assente dal lavoro la settimana prossima).
3 togliere i vestiti, le scarpe…
Take your shoes off (Togliti le scarpe).
Think over: riflettere.
I will think it over (Ci penserò).
❏ Throw away: buttare.
Don’t throw these documents away because we’ll need them later
(Non buttare questi documenti perché ne avremo bisogno più tardi).
❏ Wait for: aspettare.
I’ve been waiting for the bus for almost an hour!
(Aspetto l’autobus da quasi un’ora!)
❏ Work out:
1 progettare, elaborare.
The plan is being worked out (Il progetto è allo studio).
2 risolvere, (fam.) risolvere i propri problemi, sistemare le cose.
Everything has worked out well (Tutto si è risolto per il meglio).
❏ Write down: annotare, prendere appunti.
Did you write the phone number down? (Hai preso nota del numero di telefono ?)❏ Carry out: eseguire, realizzare.
She carried her boss’s orders out exactly (Eseguì gli ordini del suo capo alla lettera).
❏ Check out:
1 pagare il conto e andarsene (da alberghi e simili).
Mr Johnson checked out this morning (Il sig. Johnson ha pagato il conto stamattina).
2 verificare, controllare.
They checked the whole place out for bombs
(Ispezionarono ovunque per controllare che non vi fossero bombe).
Cheer up: rallegrarsi, tirarsi su di morale.
He was sad about failing his test, so I took him out to dinner to cheer him up
(Era triste perché non aveva superato il test, e allora lo portai fuori a cena
per tirarlo su di morale).
Dress up: vestirsi elegantemente.
Let’s dress up for the party! (Vestiamoci eleganti per la festa!)
Drop by: (fam.) far visita.
Drop by at any time (Vieni a trovarci in qualunque momento).
End up: finire.
If you don’t stop stealing, you’ll end up in jail!
(Se non la smetti di rubare finirai in prigione!)
Figure out: riuscire a capire, immaginarsi come, prevedere.
Can you figure out how the situation will develop?
(Riesci a immaginare che sviluppo avrà la situazione?)
Find out: scoprire.
Can you find out where the theatre is? (Puoi scoprire dov’è il teatro?)
Get up: alzarsi.
When he got up this morning it was still dark
(Quando si è alzato stamattina era ancora buio).
Hang up: riagganciare, chiudere una telefonata.
My ex-husband hung up when I phoned him
(Il mio ex marito riagganciò quando lo chiamai).
Hold on:
1 aspettare.
Hold on a minute (Aspetta un momento).
2 restare in linea (al telefono).
Hold on a minute (Rimanga in linea).
Hurry up: sbrigarsi.
We need to hurry up and leave or we’ll be late!
(Dobbiamo sbrigarci e andare, altrimenti arriveremo in ritardo!)
Look for: cercare.
I spent two hours looking for my glasses
(Ci sono volute due ore per cercare i miei occhiali).
Look forward to: non vedere l’ora di, essere impaziente.
I am looking forward to my vacation (Non vedo l’ora di essere in vacanza).
Look up: cercare informazioni.
If you don’t understand the word, look it up in a dictionary
(Se non capisci la parola cercala nel dizionario).
Run away: scappare, andar via.
He ran away with a sixteen-year-old girl (Scappò con una ragazza che ha sedici anni )
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